DID (Dissociative identity disorder) myths - corrected - distinguishing facts from fiction

By: Prepared by Google Gemini Advanced 1.5 Pro and reviewed for accuracy by Tom Cloyd. - 3 min. read; reviewed: 2025-02-25:1800 Pacific Time (USA))

Page contents…

• Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder ^
• Debunking Myths About DID ^
• Consequences of Misconceptions ^
• Conclusion ^
• Special note
• Notes ^

SUMMARY OF: Brand, B. L., Sar, V., Stavropoulos, P., Krüger, C., Korzekwa, M., Martínez-Taboas, A., & Middleton, W. (2016). Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical Examination of Six Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 24(4), 257. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000100.

Full text access to the article summarized here is available at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4959824/

Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder ^{^}

DID is a severe condition with a complex etiology often rooted in early childhood trauma ¹. It involves a disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states. These shifts in personality can manifest as variations in mood, behavior, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and even sensory-motor functioning ¹. Individuals with DID experience disruptions in their identity, memory, and consciousness, leading to significant distress and impairment in various aspects of their lives. While dissociative symptoms may not always be the primary complaint, individuals with DID frequently present with symptoms associated with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and other psychological conditions ¹.

The complexity of DID symptoms, coupled with the shame and avoidance often experienced by individuals with the disorder, can make diagnosis challenging. Many individuals with DID are hesitant to disclose their dissociative symptoms and history of childhood trauma, which can contribute to underdiagnosis and delayed treatment ¹.

Debunking Myths About DID ^{^}

Despite its recognition in medical literature for centuries and inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), DID remains surrounded by myths and misconceptions. These misconceptions can hinder accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and public understanding of the disorder. It’s crucial to understand that these widespread beliefs about DID lack empirical support and have been actively refuted by research. This article addresses six prevalent myths about DID:

• Myth 1: DID is a fad. This misconception suggests that DID is a recent phenomenon or a trend influenced by popular culture. However, historical medical literature provides evidence of DID cases dating back centuries, refuting the notion that it is a modern invention ¹.
• Myth 2: DID is primarily diagnosed in North America by DID experts who overdiagnose the disorder. This myth implies that DID is a culture-specific phenomenon and that its diagnosis is driven by overzealous clinicians. However, research indicates that DID is diagnosed across various cultures and geographical regions, suggesting it is not limited to North America ¹.
• Myth 3: DID is rare. While the exact prevalence of DID is difficult to determine due to challenges in diagnosis and reporting, research suggests that it is more common than previously believed. Studies indicate that DID may affect a significant portion of the population, highlighting the need for increased awareness and accurate diagnosis ¹.
• Myth 4: DID is an iatrogenic disorder rather than a trauma-based disorder. This myth proposes that DID is induced by therapists or treatment rather than being a genuine response to trauma. However, extensive research supports the strong association between DID and early childhood trauma, indicating that trauma plays a crucial role in the development of the disorder ¹.
• Myth 5: DID is the same entity as borderline personality disorder. While there may be some overlapping symptoms between DID and borderline personality disorder, they are distinct disorders with different diagnostic criteria and underlying mechanisms. It is essential to differentiate between these disorders to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment ¹.
• Myth 6: DID treatment is harmful to patients. This misconception suggests that therapy for DID can worsen symptoms or create false memories. However, empirical evidence supports the effectiveness of appropriate treatment for DID, which typically involves psychotherapy aimed at integrating different personality states, addressing trauma, and improving overall functioning ¹.

Consequences of Misconceptions ^{^}

The persistence of myths and misconceptions about DID has significant consequences for individuals with the disorder, their families, and the broader community. These misconceptions can lead to:

• Delayed Diagnosis and Treatment: Misunderstandings about DID can prevent individuals from seeking help or receiving accurate diagnoses, leading to prolonged suffering and impairment. For example, someone struggling with DID might dismiss their symptoms as “just stress” or “mood swings” due to the misconception that DID is rare or a fad, delaying their access to appropriate care.
• Stigmatization and Discrimination: Negative stereotypes and misinformation about DID can contribute to stigmatization and discrimination against individuals with the disorder, further isolating them and hindering their recovery. This can manifest in social isolation, difficulty finding employment, or even facing prejudice within the healthcare system.
• Inadequate Support and Resources: Misconceptions about DID can influence the allocation of resources and support services, potentially limiting access to appropriate care and treatment. For instance, if DID is wrongly perceived as an iatrogenic disorder, funding for research and specialized treatment centers might be diverted, leaving individuals with DID with fewer options for support.

Conclusion ^{^}

Dissociative Identity Disorder is a complex and often misunderstood disorder with a significant impact on the lives of those affected. By dispelling myths and promoting accurate information, we can improve understanding, reduce stigma, and facilitate access to effective treatment for individuals with DID. It is crucial to recognize DID as a legitimate and treatable disorder rooted in trauma, ensuring that individuals receive the support and care they need to heal and achieve optimal well-being. The cost of ignorance about DID is high, not only for individual patients but for the whole support system in which they reside ¹. This ignorance perpetuates harmful stereotypes, hinders access to care, and ultimately diminishes the quality of life for individuals with DID and their families. Moving forward, it is essential to prioritize research, education, and advocacy to address the misconceptions surrounding DID and ensure that individuals with this disorder receive the understanding, support, and treatment they deserve.

Special note

This article summary was prepared by Google Gemini Advanced 1.5 Pro and reviewed for accuracy by Tom Cloyd.

Notes ^{^}

 

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